Buffer relay management within single user, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications

ABSTRACT

A relay wireless communication device is implemented to perform buffer management and coordination with a source wireless communication device. A relay wireless communication device (generally, a relay) informs a source wireless communication device (source) of the status of memory therein to store messages intended for a destination wireless communication device (destination). For example, the source transmits information to the relay, which buffers information before forwarding it on to the destination. This buffering may be a function of the source having additional information intended for the relay and/or destination. The relay performs appropriate signaling, such as suspend transmission requests and resume transmission requests, to inform other devices in the system of its memory storage status (e.g., such as when having an actual or anticipated overflow). In one implementation, a suspend transmission request may be implemented by setting a particular bit within a communication from the relay to the source.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENTS/PATENT APPLICATIONS

The present U.S. Utility Patent Application claims priority pursuant to35 U.S.C. §120 as a continuation of U.S. Utility application Ser. No.13/930,673, entitled “Buffer relay management within single user,multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications,”filed Jun. 28, 2013, pending, and scheduled subsequently to be issued asU.S. Pat. No. 9,154,430 on Oct. 6, 2015 (as indicated in an ISSUENOTIFICATION mailed from the USPTO on Sep. 16, 2015), which claimspriority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 61/720,770, entitled “Relay within single user, multiple user,multiple access, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Oct. 31,2012; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/766,795, entitled “Relaywithin single user, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed Feb. 20, 2013; U.S. Provisional Application No.61/814,945, entitled “Relay within single user, multiple user, multipleaccess, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed Apr. 23, 2013; U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/819,238, entitled “Relay within singleuser, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications,” filed May 3, 2013; U.S. Provisional Application No.61/822,504, entitled “Relay within single user, multiple user, multipleaccess, and/or MIMO wireless communications,” filed May 13, 2013; andU.S. Provisional Application No. 61/822,510, entitled “Buffer relaymanagement within single user, multiple user, multiple access, and/orMIMO wireless communications,” filed May 13, 2013; all of which arehereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and made partof the present U.S. Utility Patent Application for all purposes.

BACKGROUND

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems; and,more particularly, to relaying based memory and buffer management withinsingle user, multiple user, multiple access, and/or MIMO wirelesscommunications.

Description of Related Art

Communication systems support wireless and wire lined communicationsbetween wireless and/or wire lined communication devices. The systemscan range from national and/or international cellular telephone systems,to the Internet, to point-to-point in-home wireless networks and canoperate in accordance with one or more communication standards. Forexample, wireless communication systems may operate in accordance withone or more standards including, but not limited to, IEEE 802.11x (wherex may be various extensions such as a, b, n, g, etc.), Bluetooth,advanced mobile phone services (AMPS), digital AMPS, global system formobile communications (GSM), etc., and/or variations thereof.

In some instances, wireless communication is made between a transmitter(TX) and receiver (RX) using single-input-single-output (SISO)communication. Another type of wireless communication issingle-input-multiple-output (SIMO) in which a single TX processes datainto RF signals that are transmitted to a RX that includes two or moreantennae and two or more RX paths.

Yet an alternative type of wireless communication ismultiple-input-single-output (MISO) in which a TX includes two or moretransmission paths that each respectively converts a correspondingportion of baseband signals into RF signals, which are transmitted viacorresponding antennae to a RX. Another type of wireless communicationis multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) in which a TX and RX eachrespectively includes multiple paths such that a TX parallel processesdata using a spatial and time encoding function to produce two or morestreams of data and a RX receives the multiple RF signals via multipleRX paths that recapture the streams of data utilizing a spatial and timedecoding function.

Within such wireless communication systems, large distances betweendevices may cause problems and degrade communication performance. Forexample, fading and other undesired effects might reduce performance andthe efficacy of communication between devices as the distance betweenthem increases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating one or more embodiments of a wirelesscommunication system.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating one or more embodiments of a wirelesscommunication device.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a number of wirelesscommunication devices, some operative as smart meter stations (SMSTAs).

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationsystem including a wireless relay communication device implemented inbetween 2 other wireless communication devices.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating another example of a wirelesscommunication system including a wireless relay communication deviceimplemented in between 2 other wireless communication devices.

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating another example of a wirelesscommunication system including a wireless relay communication deviceimplemented in between 2 other wireless communication devices.

FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating another example of a wirelesscommunication system including a wireless relay communication deviceimplemented in between 2 other wireless communication devices.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of wireless communicationdevices that perform suspend/resume transmission.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of varying storage status ofa memory implemented in a wireless communication device.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of flow control operation asused for memory and buffer management among various wirelesscommunication devices.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example embodiment of flow controloperation as used for memory and buffer management among variouswireless communication devices.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method for executionby one or more wireless communication devices.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of a methodfor execution by one or more wireless communication devices.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating one or more embodiments 100 of awireless communication system. The wireless communication system 100that includes base stations and/or access points 112-116, wirelesscommunication devices 118-132 and a network hardware component 134. Thewireless communication devices 118-132 may be laptop host computers 118and 126, personal digital assistant hosts 120 and 130, personal computerhosts 124 and 132 and/or cellular telephone hosts 122 and 128. Thedetails of an embodiment of such wireless communication devices aredescribed in greater detail with reference to FIG. 2.

The base stations (BSs) or access points (APs) 112-116 are operablycoupled to the network hardware 134 via local area network connections136, 138, and 140. The network hardware 134, which may be a router,switch, bridge, modem, system controller, etc., provides a wide areanetwork connection 142 for the communication system 100. Each of thebase stations or access points 112-116 has an associated antenna orantenna array to communicate with the wireless communication devices inits area. Typically, the wireless communication devices register with aparticular base station or access point 112-116 to receive services fromthe communication system 100. For direct connections (i.e.,point-to-point communications), wireless communication devicescommunicate directly via an allocated channel.

Any of the various wireless communication devices in this diagram mayinclude a corresponding communication interface to supportcommunications with other devices. Via a communication interface, arelay wireless communication device may receive one or more frames froma source wireless communication device. The relay wireless communicationdevice then generates a relayed frame, based at least in part on theframe received from the source wireless communication device.Considering one example of relaying by a relay wireless communicationdevice 190, personal computer 124 and base station and/or access point114 may be unable to communicate for any of a number of reasons (e.g.,fading, interference, etc.). The relay wireless communication device 190receives a frame from the personal computer 124 as shown by hop V₁. Therelay wireless communication device 190 then generates and transmits arelayed frame to the base station and/or access point 114 as shown byhop V₂. Note that the reverse operations can alternatively be performed,such that relaying from the base station and/or access point 114 is madevia the relay wireless communication device 190 to the personal computer124.

Herein, the terms source wireless communication device, relay wirelesscommunication device, and destination wireless communication device areemployed. Any of these wireless communication devices may be implementedas any of the various wireless communication devices 118-132, or othertypes of wireless communication devices as well. Sometimes, for brevity,references of source, relay, and destination (or source device, relaydevice, and destination device, or other such equivalents) are usedinstead of source wireless communication device, relay wirelesscommunication device, and destination wireless communication device.

A wireless communication device, such as any of the various wirelesscommunication devices 118-132, may operate a relay. Such a device caninclude a communication interface configured to receive one or moreframes from a source wireless communication device, and also to transmitframes to a destination wireless communication device. A relayed frametransmitted to the destination wireless communication device can includeall or a portion of a frame received from the source. In a wirelesscontext, various processing may be performed to generate the relayedframe such as reprogramming the source and destination address, etc.

For example, a relay operates to forward or relay information receivedfrom a source to a destination. Such a wireless communication device mayalso include a memory configured to buffer information received from thesource (via one or more transmissions) and to assist in transmitting atleast a portion of that first information (e.g., such as data or payloadtherein) to the destination via a relayed frame. For example, one ormore retransmission attempts of information within that signal may beachieved by storing or buffering all or a portion of the first signalwithin the relay wireless communication device.

Depending upon information stored within the memory, the storage statusof the memory will change over time. For example, if very littleinformation is stored in the memory, then the storage status of thememory will indicate a relatively large amount of storage capacityavailable. Alternatively, if a large amount of information is stored inmemory, then the storage status of the memory will indicate ananticipated or expected storage overflow of the memory (e.g., when thememory is approximately or substantially full and there is littleavailable memory for storage, as may be defined within anyindustry-accepted tolerance ranges). If the memory is completely filled,that the storage status of the memory will indicate an actual storageoverflow the memory.

As the amount of information stored within the memory varies, asdiffering numbers of signals and information received from the firstwireless communication device are stored in the memory, there may betimes in which the memory cannot receive and appropriately storeadditional signals that may be transmitted from the first wirelesscommunication device.

As such, the relay wireless communication device may be implementedinclude a processor configured to generate, based on storage status ofthe memory, a suspend transmission request for the first wirelesscommunication device. This suspend transmission request directs thefirst wireless communication device to abstain from transmitting anysignal to the relay wireless communication device for a predeterminedperiod of time. The relay wireless communication device may thentransmit the suspend transmission request to the first wirelesscommunication device within a third signal.

In some embodiments, the relay wireless communication device transmits aresume transmission request to the first wireless communication deviceto indicate that the relay wireless communication device is now able tostore subsequent signals received from the first wireless communicationdevice. Alternatively, other embodiments operate such that the firstwireless communication device merely abstains from transmittingadditional signals for some specified period of time. It is noted that aresume transmission request may be provided to the first wirelesscommunication device before the expiration of such a specified period oftime. In such instances, a resume transmission request could be used tooverride the first wireless communication devices operation ofabstaining from transmission for the specified period of time (e.g.,transmissions could be made before the expiration of that period oftime).

Generally, various embodiments perform management of a buffer or memoryat a relay wireless communication device within the communicationsystem. As may be understood, variations and changes of channelconditions (e.g., including between a relay wireless communicationdevice and a destination wireless communication device) may cause framesto be continuously buffered at the relay wireless communication device.In some instances, such as when transmissions from the relay wirelesscommunication device to the destination wireless communication deviceare unsuccessful, a memory or buffer overflow (e.g., a queue overflow)may occur at the relay wireless communication device.

The source wireless communication device may be unaware of thedownstream congestion, and it may unfortunately continue to forwardframes to the relay wireless communication device. This may then requireretransmission of frames from the source wireless communication deviceto the relay wireless communication device, and this will degrade mediaaccess control (MAC) efficiency of these wireless communication devices.In one embodiment, a suspend transmission request is made by adding abit in a MAC header (e.g., of a communication from the relay wirelesscommunication device to the source wireless communication device) togovern flow control. This is used by the relay wireless communicationdevice to signal to the source wireless communication device to stop orstart (or restart, such as after a timeout of some period of time, orbased on a resume transmission request) transmissions to the relaywireless communication device.

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating one or more embodiments 200 of awireless communication device. The embodiment 200 of a wirelesscommunication device includes host device 218-232 and an associatedradio 260. In some embodiments, one or more of the host device 218-232may be implemented as one or more of the wireless communication devices118-132. For cellular telephone hosts, the radio 260 is a built-incomponent. For personal digital assistants hosts, laptop hosts, and/orpersonal computer hosts, the radio 260 may be built-in or an externallycoupled component. For access points or base stations, the componentsare typically housed in a single structure. Host device 218-232 includesa processing module 250, memory 252, radio interface 254, inputinterface 258 and output interface 256. Processing module 250 and memory252 execute corresponding instructions typically done by the hostdevice. For example, for a cellular telephone host device, theprocessing module 250 performs the corresponding communication functionsin accordance with a particular cellular telephone standard.

The radio interface 254 allows data to be received from and sent to theradio 260. For data received from the radio 260 (e.g., inbound data),the radio interface 254 provides the data to the processing module 250for further processing and/or routing to the output interface 256. Theoutput interface 256 provides connectivity to one or more output displaydevices such as a display, monitor, speakers, etc. such that thereceived data may be displayed. The radio interface 254 also providesdata from the processing module 250 to the radio 260. The processingmodule 250 may receive the outbound data from one or more input devicessuch as a keyboard, keypad, microphone, etc. via the input interface 258or generate the data itself.

Radio 260 includes a host interface 262, a baseband processing module264, memory 266, radio frequency (RF) transmitters (TXs) 268-272, atransmit/receive (T/R) module 274, antennae 282-286, RF receivers (RXs)276-280, and a local oscillation module 201. The baseband processingmodule 264, in combination with operational instructions stored inmemory 266, execute digital receiver functions and digital transmitterfunctions, respectively. The digital receiver functions include, but arenot limited to, digital intermediate frequency to baseband conversion,demodulation, constellation demapping, decoding, de-interleaving, fastFourier transform, cyclic prefix removal, space and time decoding,and/or descrambling. The digital transmitter functions, as will bedescribed in greater detail with reference to later Figures, include,but are not limited to, scrambling, encoding, interleaving,constellation mapping, modulation, inverse fast Fourier transform,cyclic prefix addition, space and time encoding, and/or digital basebandto IF conversion.

In operation, the radio 260 receives outbound data 288 from the hostdevice via the host interface 262. The baseband processing module 264receives the outbound data 288 and, based on a mode selection signal202, produces one or more outbound symbol streams 290. The modeselection signal 202 will indicate a particular mode as are illustratedin the mode selection tables as may be understood by the reader. Forexample, the mode selection signal 202 may indicate a frequency band of2.4 GHz or 5 GHz, a channel bandwidth of 20 or 22 MHz (e.g., channels of20 or 22 MHz width) and a maximum bit rate of 54 megabits-per-second. Inother embodiments, the channel bandwidth may extend up to 1.28 GHz orwider with supported maximum bit rates extending to 1 gigabit-per-secondor greater. In this general category, the mode selection signal willfurther indicate a particular rate ranging from 1 megabit-per-second to54 megabits-per-second. In addition, the mode selection signal willindicate a particular type of modulation, which includes, but is notlimited to, Barker Code Modulation, BPSK, QPSK, CCK, 16 QAM and/or 64QAM. Also, in such mode selection tables, a code rate is supplied aswell as number of coded bits per subcarrier (NBPSC), coded bits per OFDMsymbol (NCBPS), data bits per OFDM symbol (NDBPS). The mode selectionsignal may also indicate a particular channelization for thecorresponding mode which for the information in one of the modeselection tables with reference to another of the mode selection tables.Note that other types of channels, having different bandwidths, may beemployed in other embodiments.

The baseband processing module 264, based on the mode selection signal202 produces the one or more outbound symbol streams 290 from the outputdata 288. For example, if the mode selection signal 202 indicates that asingle transmit antenna is being utilized for the particular mode thathas been selected, the baseband processing module 264 will produce asingle outbound symbol stream 290. Alternatively, if the mode selectionsignal indicates 2, 3 or 4 antennae, the baseband processing module 264will produce 2, 3 or 4 outbound symbol streams 290 corresponding to thenumber of antennae from the output data 288.

Depending on the number of outbound streams 290 produced by the basebandprocessing module 264, a corresponding number of the RF transmitters268-272 will be enabled to convert the outbound symbol streams 290 intooutbound RF signals 292. The transmit/receive module 274 receives theoutbound RF signals 292 and provides each outbound RF signal to acorresponding antenna 282-286.

When the radio 260 is in the receive mode, the transmit/receive module274 receives one or more inbound RF signals via the antennae 282-286.The T/R module 274 provides the inbound RF signals 294 to one or more RFreceivers 276-280. The RF receiver 276-280 converts the inbound RFsignals 294 into a corresponding number of inbound symbol streams 296.The number of inbound symbol streams 296 will correspond to theparticular mode in which the data was received. The baseband processingmodule 264 receives the inbound symbol streams 296 and converts theminto inbound data 298, which is provided to the host device 218-232 viathe host interface 262.

In one embodiment of radio 260 it includes a transmitter and a receiver.The transmitter may include a MAC module, a PLCP module, and a PMDmodule. The Medium Access Control (MAC) module, which may be implementedwith the processing module 64, is operably coupled to convert a MACService Data Unit (MSDU) into a MAC Protocol Data Unit (MPDU) inaccordance with a WLAN protocol. The Physical Layer ConvergenceProcedure (PLCP) Module, which may be implemented in the basebandprocessing module 264, is operably coupled to convert the MPDU into aPLCP Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) in accordance with the WLAN protocol. ThePhysical Medium Dependent (PMD) module is operably coupled to convertthe PPDU into radio frequency (RF) signals in accordance with one of theoperating modes of the WLAN protocol, wherein the operating modesincludes multiple input and multiple output combinations.

An embodiment of the Physical Medium Dependent (PMD) module includes anerror protection module, a demultiplexing module, and directionconversion modules. The error protection module, which may beimplemented in the baseband processing module 264, is operably coupledto restructure a PPDU (PLCP (Physical Layer Convergence Procedure)Protocol Data Unit) to reduce transmission errors producing errorprotected data. The demultiplexing module is operably coupled to dividethe error protected data into error protected data streams The directconversion modules are operably coupled to convert the error protecteddata streams into radio frequency (RF) signals.

As one of average skill in the art will appreciate, the wirelesscommunication device of FIG. 2 may be implemented using one or moreintegrated circuits in accordance with any desired configuration orcombination or components, modules, etc. within one or more integratedcircuits.

The wireless communication device 200 includes a communication interfaceconfigured to receive one or more frames from a source wirelesscommunication device, and also to transmit frames to a destinationwireless communication device. As described above, a relay wirelesscommunication device may transmit a suspend transmission request to afirst or source wireless communication device to direct that device tostop transmitting signals to the relay. The relay may also provide aresume transmission request to the first or source wirelesscommunication device when the relay is ready to receive additionalsignaling from the first or source wireless communication device. Forexample, after the relay has successfully transmitted information withinits memory to a second or destination wireless location device, then therelay will be able to receive more signaling from the first or sourcewireless location device.

Such information may be provided to the first or source wirelesscommunication device in terms of storage status of the memory of therelay. Appropriate signaling from the relay to the first or sourcewireless communication device will ensure that additional signals arenot sent from the first or source wireless communication device that maynot be appropriately received, processed, and/or stored in the memory ofthe relay.

In one embodiment, the suspend transmission request may be achievedusing a relay flow suspend action frame includes at least one bittherein that is set to a particular value. Also, a relay flow resumeaction frame may be employed to inform the first or source wirelesscommunication device that transmission of signals may be resumed to therelay.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment 300 of a number ofwireless communication devices, some operative as smart meter stations(SMSTAs), implemented in various locations in an environment including abuilding or structure.

In certain instances, various wireless communication devices may beimplemented to support communications associated with monitoring and/orsensing of any of a variety of different conditions, parameters, etc.Such wireless communication devices may provide such information toanother wireless communication device. Such communications may beperformed using relaying as described herein.

For example, in some instances, a wireless communication device may beimplemented as a smart meter station (SMSTA). A SMSTA may have certaincharacteristics similar to a wireless station (STA), yet be alsooperative to perform communications associated with one or moremeasurements in accordance with monitoring and/or sensing. In certainapplications, such devices may operate only very rarely. For example,when compared to the periods of time in which such a device is in powersavings mode (e.g., a sleep mode, a reduced functionality operationalmode a lowered power operational mode, etc.), the operational periods oftime may be miniscule in comparison (e.g., only a few percentage of theperiods of time in which the device is in such a power savings mode).

An SMSTA may awaken from such a power savings mode only to performcertain operations. For example, such a device may awaken from such apower savings mode to perform sensing and/or measurement of one or moreparameters, conditions, constraints, etc. During such an operationalperiod (e.g., in which the device is not in a power savings mode), thedevice may also perform transmission of such information to anotherwireless communication device (e.g., an access point (AP), anotherSMSTA, a wireless station (STA), or such an SMSTA or STA operating as anAP, etc.).

It is noted that such a device may enter into an operational mode forperforming sensing and/or monitoring at a frequency that is differentthan (e.g., greater than) the frequency at which the device enters intoan operational mode for performing transmissions. For example, such adevice may awaken a certain number of times to make successiverespective sensing and/or monitoring operations, and such data as isacquired during those operations may be stored (e.g., in a memorystorage component within the device), and during a subsequentoperational mode dedicated for transmission of the data, multiple dataportions corresponding to multiple respective sensing and/or monitoringoperations may be transmitted during that operational mode dedicated fortransmission of the data.

In this diagram, multiple respective wireless communication devices areimplemented to forward information related to monitoring and/or sensingto one particular wireless communication device that may be operating asa manager, coordinator, etc. such as may be implemented by an accesspoint (AP) or a wireless station (STA) operating as an AP. Generallyspeaking, such wireless communication devices may be implemented toperform any of a number of data forwarding, monitoring and/or sensingoperations. For example, in the context of a building or structure,there may be a number of services that are provided to that building orstructure, including natural gas service, electrical service, televisionservice, Internet service, etc. Alternatively, different respectivemonitors and/or sensors may be implemented throughout the environment toperform monitoring and/or sensing related to parameters not specificallyrelated to services. As some examples, motion detection, door ajardetection, temperature measurement (and/or other atmospheric and/orenvironmental measurements), etc. may be performed by differentrespective monitors and/or sensors implemented in various locations andfor various purposes.

Different respective monitors and/or sensors may be implemented toprovide information related to such monitoring and/or sensing functionswirelessly to the manager/coordinator wireless communication device.Such information may be provided continuously, sporadically,intermittently, etc. as may be desired in certain applications.

In addition, it is noted that such communications between such amanager/coordinator wireless communication device of the differentrespective monitors and/or sensors may be cooperative in accordance withsuch bidirectional communications, in that, the manager/coordinatorwireless communication device may direct the respective monitors and/orsensors to perform certain related functions at subsequent times.

For any of a number of various reasons, any of the various STAs orSMSTAs within a wireless communication system may be unable tocommunicate with one another or with a manager/coordinator wirelesscommunication device (e.g., fading, interference, weak/inefficientcommunication link, etc.). While various forms of signal degradationsuch as fading and interference may degrade or prohibit communicationsbetween the devices, certain physical features (e.g., buildings, fences,hills, etc.) may also degrade or prohibit such communications. In such asituation, to support communications between any one of the STAs orSMSTAs and another one of them or the manager/coordinator wirelesscommunication device, a wireless communication device may operate as arelay between the these two devices.

One of these wireless communication devices may be selected usingvarious options. A source may select one of the other devices as arelay. Alternatively, a source could broadcast a frame, and a firstresponding device may serve as the relay. In even other situations, oneof the wireless communication devices could volunteer to serve as relaybetween a source and destination that cannot acceptably communicate withone another. For example, a SMSTA that is unable to communicateacceptably well with the manager/coordinator wireless communicationdevice may communicate with the manager/coordinator wirelesscommunication device via a relay, as shown by the two hops orcommunication links to and from the relay.

FIG. 4A is a diagram illustrating an example 401 of a wirelesscommunication system including a wireless relay communication deviceimplemented in between 2 other wireless communication devices. As may beseen with respect to scenario 1 of this diagram, a relay (e.g.,middling, intervening, etc. wireless communication device) is positionedequal distance between a first wireless communication device (e.g., awireless station (STA)) and a second wireless communicationdevice)(e.g., an access point (AP)). There are two paths available:direct and relay. Comparing the relay path to the direct path, the pathvia relay needs more frames with shorter PPDU duration for the samenumber of bytes. This may require separate channel access for next frametransmission over the relay-STA hop. A shorter TX-RX cycle via the relaypath allows STA to operate with lesser power consumption.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating another example 402 of a wirelesscommunication system including a wireless relay communication deviceimplemented in between 2 other wireless communication devices. Referringto scenario 2 of this diagram, a relay is positioned relatively closerto a first wireless communication device (e.g., STA) than to a secondwireless communication device (e.g., AP). As shown in the diagram, theSTA proximity to the relay permits the use of higher modulation codingset (MCS) and consumes lesser power for hop V₁. The relay requiresseparate channel access for next hop. The relay may be another sensor onwall-power, and path loss is outdoor device-device.

FIG. 4C is a diagram illustrating another example 403 of a wirelesscommunication system including a wireless relay communication deviceimplemented in between 2 other wireless communication devices. Referringto scenario 3 of this diagram, a relay is positioned relatively closerto a first wireless communication device (e.g., AP) and away from asecond wireless communication device (STA). The relay path may besuboptimal than a direct path between the AP and the STA (e.g., relayselection=path selection). If relay is another sensor and STA-relay hopis outdoor device-device path loss, then relay may not be reachable bySTA with the same MCSs.

FIG. 4D is a diagram illustrating another example 404 of a wirelesscommunication system including a wireless relay communication deviceimplemented in between 2 other wireless communication devices. Referringto scenario 4 of this diagram, in a situation where the STA-relay-AP maybe arranged in a straight line, and when the STA sends one uplink DATA,then the following observations may be made.

-   -   Total Medium Time: PPDU(V₁)+ACK(V₁)+PPDU(V₂)+ACK(V₂)+3×SIFS    -   STA ON Time: PPDU(V₁)+ACK(V₁)+SIFS    -   STA-Relay Factor: ratio of Distance (V₁) to Distance (U₁) (e.g.,        Distance (V₁)/Distance (U₁))

In the above observations, PPDU time is based on PLCP Protocol Data Unit(PPDU) transmission time. ACK time is based on acknowledgement (ACK)transmission time. SIFS time shown below is based on short interframespace (SIFS). The variable, V₁ and V₂, correspond to the respectivedistances indicated in the diagram and between the communicationdevices.

Generally speaking, a relay wireless communication device (or generallyreferred to as a relay) will forward information received from a firstwireless communication device onto a second wireless communicationdevice. In some embodiments, no more than two hops or communicationlinks are made to forward information from a first to a second wirelesscommunication device via a relay.

Appropriate signaling within the various communications between theoriginating device, the relay device, and the destination device ensuresappropriate coordination and operation.

Within such communication systems including a source wirelesscommunication device, a destination wireless communication device, andan intervening or middling relay wireless communication device (e.g.,source, destination, and relay), there may be instances in which therelay does not have adequate storage capacity to receive additionalsignals from the source. In such instances, the relay may provide asuspend transmission request to the source directing the source toabstain from transmitting any signal to the relay. The source mayabstain from transmitting signals to the relay for a specified period oftime based on suspend transmission request. Alternatively, the sourcemay abstain from transmitting any signals to the relay until thesubsequent receipt of a resume transmission request received from therelay.

Appropriate communication and signaling between the relay and sourceensure that transmissions are not made from the source to the relaywhich may be lost, or for which the relay does not currently have thecapability to receive, process, and/or store therein. For example, asthe storage capacity of a memory in the relay will vary over time,depending upon how many messages may be stored therein, there may beinstances in which the relay cannot and properly handle signaling fromthe source. As such, appropriate communication and signaling is madebetween the relay of the source to ensure that the source transmitssignals to the relay when the relay can appropriately receive andprocess them.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment 500 of wirelesscommunication devices that perform suspend/resume transmission. Awireless communication device (relay) 510 is in communication with asource wireless communication device (AP 580 in the diagram) and adestination wireless communication device (STA 590 in the diagram). Thewireless communication device (relay) 510 includes a communicationinterface 520 to perform transmitting and receiving of one or moreframes (e.g., using a transmitter 522 and a receiver 524). The wirelesscommunication device (relay) 510 also includes a processor 530, and anassociated memory 540, to execute various operations includinginterpreting one or more frames transmitted from the source wirelesscommunication device (AP 580) and the destination wireless communicationdevice (STA 590).

The source wireless communication device (AP 580) operates to transmit aframe (shown as D in the diagram) to a destination wirelesscommunication device (STA 590). The intervening or middling relaywireless communication device (relay) 510 serves to perform the relayingof one or more frames from the AP 580 to the STA 590. The frame thateventually gets transmitted from the relay 510 to the STA 590 mayinclude the entirety of the frame D transmitted from the AP or it may bea subset of that particular frame (e.g., shown as D′ in the diagram),such as the data or payload portion of the frame transmitted from theAP.

When the memory 540 within the relay 510 is at or approaching storageoverflow (e.g. when a storage status of the memory 540 indicates anactual or anticipated storage overflow the memory 540), the relay 510transmits a suspend transmission request (STR in the diagram) to the AP580. Based upon the STR, the AP 510 may abstain from transmittingsignals to the relay 510 for a specified period of time. Alternatively,the AP 580 may abstain from transmitting any signals to the relay 510until the subsequent receipt of a resume transmission request receivedfrom the relay 510.

In an alternative embodiment, the AP 580 may initially abstain fromtransmitting signals to the relay 510 for a specified period of time,but the AP 580 may receive a resume transmission request from the relaybefore the expiration of that time. In such an embodiment, the resumetransmission request may override the operation based on the specifiedperiod of time, and the AP 580 may then resume transmitting signals tothe relay. Note that the source wireless communication device may be aSTA and the destination wireless communication device may be an AP in analternative implementation.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of varying storagestatus of a memory implemented in a wireless communication device. Thememory within a relay wireless communication device (generally referredto as relay) will vary as a function of time. Depending upon a number ofsignals received from a source wireless communication device, anddepending upon the successful transmission of information to adestination wireless communication device, the amount of informationstored within the memory of the relay will increase and decrease overtime.

The amount of available memory within the relay is used to provide anindication of the storage status of the memory. For example, as theamount of available memory (e.g., that memory which is not currentlystoring information) is relatively small, and anticipated storageoverflow of the memory may be near. If there is no available memory forstorage, then an actual storage overflow the memory is imminent or hasalready occurred. A storage status of the memory may correspond to howmuch memory is available for storage of information. This storage statusmay also have other information associated therewith, such as historicalor recent trending of information (e.g., the amount of available memorycontinuing to decrease or increase, remain relatively stable, etc.).

Generally speaking, information associated with memory storage statuswithin a relay wireless communication device may be used to direct thegeneration of a suspend transmission request to be provided to a sourcewireless communication device. The relay will appropriately communicateto the source wireless communication device whether to suspend or resumetransmissions to the relay wireless communication device based upon thestored status of the memory within the relay wireless communicationdevice.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of flow controloperation as used for memory and buffer management among variouswireless communication devices. Initially, a first or source wirelesscommunication device (STA1 in the diagram) transmits data intended for asecond or destination wireless communication device (STA2 in thediagram). The relay provides an acknowledgement (ACK) to STA1 uponreceipt of that data.

In the instance that the relay is unable to forward that data to theSTA2 in the current transmission opportunity (TXOP) (e.g., a period inwhich the relay may operate to receive information from a source deviceand forward it to a destination device), the relay may transmit a clearto send (CTS) notifying other wireless communication devices within thesystem including the STA1. Additional storing of signals received fromthe STA1 may cause the available storage capacity within buffer ormemory of the relay to reduce. As such, the relay transmitting the CTSwill signal the STA1 to stop transmitting signals to the relay, orsignal FLOW_STOP.

Any other devices within the system, such as STA2, that receive such aFLOW_STOP notification shall not transmit to the relay (e.g., thewireless communication device addressed in the receiver address (RA) fora particular period of time such as which may be specified within a DURfield). Any wireless communication devices within an overlapping basicservices set (OBSS) may ignore the CTS transmission (e.g., if the CTShas a PM value of PM=1 therein).

After transmission of the CTS, transmissions to the relay stop. Then,after some period of time, a subsequent CTS may be employed to indicatethat transmissions to the relay may resume, or signal FLOW_RESTART. Thisindication will then resume normal operation for frame transmissions tothe relay (e.g., the wireless communication device addressed RA). Again,any wireless communication devices within an overlapping basic servicesset (OBSS) may ignore the CTS transmission (e.g., if the CTS has a PMvalue of PM=1 therein).

Flow Control Procedure (FIG. 7)

To stop frame transmissions to a relay operative wireless communicationdevice (e.g., relay AP), that particular relay operative wirelesscommunication device (e.g., relay AP) may send a CTS-to-self frame withPM set to 1, DUR>0.

The respective associated wireless communication devices (e.g., STAs)shall not transmit to the wireless communication device (e.g., STA)addressed in the receiver address (RA) for the amount of duration (DUR)time. The associated wireless communication devices (e.g., STAs) mayupdate its or their network allocation vector (NAV) with DUR.Non-associated STAs may ignore the DUR field.

To restart frame transmissions to relay operative wireless communicationdevice (e.g., relay AP), that particular relay operative wirelesscommunication device (e.g., relay AP) may send a CTS-to-self frame withPM set to 1, DUR=0.

The respective associated wireless communication devices (e.g., STAs)shall cancel the flow suspend time, and resume normal procedure forframe transmissions to the wireless communication device (e.g., STA)addressed in the RA. The associated wireless communication devices(e.g., STAs) may cancel its or their NAV, and resume normal channelaccess for frame transmissions. Non-associated STAs may ignore the DURfield. A relay operative wireless communication device (e.g., relay AP)shall set To DS=0 and From DS=1 when sending the CTS-to-self frame.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an alternative example 800 of flowcontrol operation as used for memory and buffer management among variouswireless communication devices. Operation of this diagram employs theuse of a suspend transmission request (shown as FLOW SUSPEND in thediagram) and a resume transmission request (shown as FLOW RESUME in thediagram).

Initially, a first or source wireless communication device (STA1 in thediagram) transmits data intended for a second or destination wirelesscommunication device (STA2 in the diagram). The relay provides anacknowledgement (ACK) to STA1 upon receipt of that data.

In the instance that the relay is unable to forward that data to theSTA2 in the current transmission opportunity (TXOP), the relay maytransmit suspend transmission request (FLOW SUSPEND) notifying otherwireless communication devices within the system including the STAT.Additional storing of signals received from the STA1 may cause theavailable storage capacity within buffer or memory of the relay toreduce. As such, the relay transmitting the suspend transmission request(FLOW SUSPEND) will signal the STA1 to stop transmitting signals to therelay, or signal FLOW_STOP.

Any other devices within the system, such as STA2, that receive such aFLOW_STOP notification shall not transmit to the relay (e.g., thewireless communication device addressed in the RA for a particularperiod of time such as which may be specified within a DUR field).Generally speaking, after the relay transmits the suspend transmissionrequest (FLOW SUSPEND), all data transmissions to the relay willsuspended for a period of time (e.g., a suspend duration time). Allwireless communication devices that receive the suspend transmissionrequest (FLOW SUSPEND) shall not transmit to the relay (e.g., thewireless communication device addressed in the transmitter address (TA)for a particular period of time such as which may be specified within asuspend duration time).

After transmission of the suspend transmission request (FLOW SUSPEND),transmissions to the relay stop. Then, after some period of time, therelay transmits a resume transmission request (FLOW RESUME) to indicatethat transmissions to the relay may resume, or signal FLOW_RESTART. Thisindication will then resume normal operation for frame transmissions tothe relay (e.g., the wireless communication device addressed RA). Afterthe resume transmission request (FLOW RESUME), all wirelesscommunication devices may resume or continue transmission to the relay(e.g., the wireless communication device addressed in the TA).

Flow Control Procedure (FIG. 8)

To suspend frame transmissions to a relay operative wirelesscommunication device (e.g., relay AP), that a relay operative wirelesscommunication device (e.g., relay AP), may send a unicast or a broadcastRelay Flow Suspend action frame, and Suspend Duration>0. The respectiveassociated wireless communication devices (e.g., STAs) shall nottransmit data frames to the wireless communication device (e.g., STA)addressed in the Transmitter Address (TA) for the amount of timeindicated in Suspend Duration field. Also, the respective associatedwireless communication devices (e.g., STAs) may resume normal procedurefor data frame transmissions when the Suspend Duration time has expired.

To restart frame transmissions to the relay operative wirelesscommunication device (e.g., relay AP), that relay operative wirelesscommunication device (e.g., relay AP) may send a unicast or a broadcastRelay Flow Resume action frame. The respective associated wirelesscommunication devices (e.g., STAs) shall cancel the flow suspend time,and resume normal procedure for data frame transmissions to the wirelesscommunication device (e.g., STA) addressed in the TA. The sending of theRelay Flow Resume action frame by the relay wireless communicationdevice is option, and may be used by the relay wireless communicationdevice to cancel an existing Suspend Duration.

As also described with respect to other embodiments herein, a givenwireless communication device (e.g., one operating as a relay) mayservice multiple wireless communication devices (e.g., STAs) at a singletime, and have limited memory buffer to frames that are not yetforwarded.

Various fields may be employed to effectuate the signaling for use by arelay operative wireless communication device (e.g., relay AP, a relaySTA, etc.). Some embodiments operate to use two Relay Action frames assignaling frames for flow suspend and resume (e.g., based on a suspendtransmission request and a resume transmission request, respectively).

Various tables are presented below showing new relay action frames.

TABLE 1 Relay Action field values Field Value Meaning 0 ReachableAddress Update 1 Relay Flow Suspend 2 Relay Flow Resume 3-255 Reserved

TABLE 2 Relay Flow Suspend frame format Order Information 1 Category 2Relay Action 3 Suspend Duration (micro-seconds)

TABLE 3 Relay Flow Resume frame format Order Information 1 Category 2Relay Action

Also, a bit may be added to a S1G control response frames for use in asignaling frame to suspend transmissions to the relay wirelesscommunication device. For example, certain S1G control response frames(e.g., target wake time (TWT) acknowledgement (TACK) frames, Short TWTacknowledgement (STACK) frames, block acknowledgement TWT (BAT), etc.)may include a signaling bit so that such S1G control response frames maybe used as signaling frames to suspend transmissions to the relaywireless communication device. As such, the relay wireless communicationdevice can then effectively suspend a source wireless communicationdevice from sending any more data frames to the relay wirelesscommunication device with such signaling included within a responseframe to that source wireless communication device (e.g., in a mostrecent ACK, or any other type of response frame). Either a Relay FlowResume frame or a modified response frames (e.g., TACK, STACK BAT, etc.)can operate as a suspend transmission request for the source wirelesscommunication device to suspend transmission to the wirelesscommunication device (e.g., for a predetermined period of time, until aresume transmission request is sent, etc.).

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of a method 900 forexecution by one or more wireless communication devices. The method 900begins by operating a communication interface of a relay wirelesscommunication device to receive a frame from a source wirelesscommunication device, as shown in a block 910. Eventually, the relaywireless communication device may operate to transmit a second signalthat includes at least a portion of the first signal to a destinationwireless communication device, as shown in a block 970.

The method 900 continues by assessing stored status of memory within therelay wireless communication device, as shown in the block 920. Forexample, the relay wireless communication device may operate to performbuffering of all or at least a portion the frame (and/or other frames)within a memory of the relay wireless communication device.

Storage status of the memory within the relay wireless communicationdevice may indicate an actual or anticipated overflow, such as when thememory does not have adequate available storage capacity to storeadditional information which may be provided from the source.

If an actual or anticipated overflow of the memory is determined, aswithin the block 930, then the method 900 operates by generating asuspend transmission request for the source, as shown in a block 940.The suspend transmission request may indicate a period of time (e.g., ΔTor a timeout period) during which the source is to abstain fromtransmitting any signals to the relay. The method 900 operates bytransmitting the suspend transmission request to the source, as shown ina block 950.

Alternatively, if no actual or anticipated overflow of the memory isdetermined, as within the block 930, then the method 900 operates bybuffering the frame (and/or other frames received from the source), asshown in a block 960. The method 900 continues by transmitting a relayedframe that includes at least a portion of the frame received from thesource (e.g., the data, payload, etc. thereof), to the destination, asshown the block 970.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an alternative embodiment of a method1000 for execution by one or more wireless communication devices. Thisoperation is somewhat similar to the previous diagram, with at least onedifference being that a resume transmission request is employed todirect the source wireless communication device to resume transmissionsto the relay wireless communication device, instead of the sourcewireless communication device abstaining from transmitting to the relaywireless communication device for some period of time (e.g., ΔT or atimeout period). Appropriate exchange of a suspend transmission requestand a resume transmission request governs the transmission ofinformation from the source to the relay.

The method 1000 begins by operating a communication interface of a relaywireless communication device to receive a frame from a source wirelesscommunication device, as shown in a block 1010. Eventually, the relaywireless communication device may operate to transmit a relayed framethat includes at least a portion of the frame (e.g., the data, payload,etc. thereof) to a destination wireless communication device, as shownin a block 1090.

The method 1000 continues by assessing stored status of memory withinthe relay wireless communication device, as shown in the block 1020. Forexample, the relay wireless communication device may operate to performbuffering of the frame or at least a portion thereof within a memory.Storage status of the memory within the relay wireless communicationdevice may indicate an actual or anticipated overflow, such as when thememory does not have adequate available storage capacity to storeadditional information.

If an actual or anticipated overflow of the memory is determined, aswithin the block 1030, then the method 1000 operates by generating asuspend transmission request for the source wireless communicationdevice, as shown in a block 1040. The method 1000 operates bytransmitting the suspend transmission request to the source wirelesscommunication device, as shown in a block 1050. After some period oftime, or when appropriate conditions are present (e.g., such as whenthere is adequate storage capacity within the memory of the relaywireless communication device to accept and store subsequent receivedsignals, frames, etc. and/or portions thereof), the method 1000 operatesby generating a resume transmission request, as shown in a block 1060.

The method 1000 operates by transmitting the resume transmission requestto the source wireless communication device, as shown in a block 1070.

Alternatively, if no actual or anticipated overflow of the memory isdetermined, as within the block 1030, then the method 1000 operates bybuffering the frame, as shown in a block 1080. The method 1000 continuesby transmitting the relayed frame that includes at least a portion ofthe frame received from the source wireless communication device (e.g.,the data, payload, etc. thereof) to the destination wirelesscommunication device, as shown the block 1090.

It is noted that the various operations and functions described withinvarious methods herein may be performed within a wireless communicationdevice (e.g., such as by the baseband processing module 64, theprocessing module 50 as described with reference to FIG. 2) and/or othercomponents therein. Generally, a communication interface and processorin a wireless communication device can perform such operations.

Examples of some components may include one of more baseband processingmodules, one or more media access control (MAC) layers, one or morephysical layers (PHYs), and/or other components, etc. For example, sucha baseband processing module (sometimes in conjunction with a radio,analog front end (AFE), etc.) can generate such signals, frames, etc. asdescribed herein as well as perform various operations described hereinand/or their respective equivalents.

In some embodiments, such a baseband processing module and/or aprocessing module (which may be implemented in the same device orseparate devices) can perform such processing to generate signals fortransmission to another wireless communication device using any numberof radios and antennae. In some embodiments, such processing isperformed cooperatively by a processor in a first device and anotherprocessor within a second device. In other embodiments, such processingis performed wholly by a processor within one device.

The present invention has been described herein with reference to atleast one embodiment. Such embodiment(s) of the present invention havebeen described with the aid of structural components illustratingphysical and/or logical components and with the aid of method stepsillustrating the performance of specified functions and relationshipsthereof. The boundaries and sequence of these functional building blocksand method steps have been arbitrarily defined herein for convenience ofdescription. Alternate boundaries and sequences can be defined so longas the specified functions and relationships are appropriatelyperformed. Any such alternate boundaries or sequences are thus withinthe scope and spirit of the claims that follow. Further, the boundariesof these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined forconvenience of description. Alternate boundaries could be defined aslong as the certain significant functions are appropriately performed.Similarly, flow diagram blocks may also have been arbitrarily definedherein to illustrate certain significant functionality. To the extentused, the flow diagram block boundaries and sequence could have beendefined otherwise and still perform the certain significantfunctionality. Such alternate definitions of both functional buildingblocks and flow diagram blocks and sequences are thus within the scopeand spirit of the claimed invention. One of average skill in the artwill also recognize that the functional building blocks, and otherillustrative blocks, modules and components herein, can be implementedas illustrated or by discrete components, application specificintegrated circuits, processors executing appropriate software and thelike or any combination thereof.

As may also be used herein, the terms “processing module,” “processingcircuit,” “processing circuitry,” “processing unit” and/or “processor”may be a single processing device or a plurality of processing devices.Such a processing device may be a microprocessor, micro-controller,digital signal processor, microcomputer, central processing unit, fieldprogrammable gate array, programmable logic device, state machine, logiccircuitry, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or any device thatmanipulates signals (analog and/or digital) based on hard coding of thecircuitry and/or operational instructions. The processing module,module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit may be, or furtherinclude, memory and/or an integrated memory element, which may be asingle memory device, a plurality of memory devices, and/or embeddedcircuitry of another processing module, module, processing circuit,and/or processing unit. Such a memory device may be a read-only memory,random access memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, staticmemory, dynamic memory, flash memory, cache memory, and/or any devicethat stores digital information. Note that if the processing module,module, processing circuit, and/or processing unit includes more thanone processing device, the processing devices may be centrally located(e.g., directly coupled together via a wired and/or wireless busstructure) or may be distributedly located (e.g., cloud computing viaindirect coupling via a local area network and/or a wide area network).Further note that if the processing module, module, processing circuit,and/or processing unit implements one or more of its functions via astate machine, analog circuitry, digital circuitry, and/or logiccircuitry, the memory and/or memory element storing the correspondingoperational instructions may be embedded within, or external to, thecircuitry comprising the state machine, analog circuitry, digitalcircuitry, and/or logic circuitry. Still further note that, the memoryelement may store, and the processing module, module, processingcircuit, and/or processing unit executes, hard coded and/or operationalinstructions corresponding to at least some of the steps and/orfunctions illustrated in one or more of the Figures. Such a memorydevice or memory element can be included in an article of manufacture.

As may also be used herein, the term(s) “configured to”, “operablycoupled to”, “coupled to”, and/or “coupling” includes direct couplingbetween items and/or indirect coupling between items via an interveningitem (e.g., an item includes, but is not limited to, a component, anelement, a circuit, and/or a module) where, for an example of indirectcoupling, the intervening item does not modify the information of asignal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and/or powerlevel. As may further be used herein, inferred coupling (i.e., where oneelement is coupled to another element by inference) includes direct andindirect coupling between two items in the same manner as “coupled to”.As may even further be used herein, the term “configured to”, “operableto”, “coupled to”, or “operably coupled to” indicates that an itemincludes one or more of power connections, input(s), output(s), etc., toperform, when activated, one or more its corresponding functions and mayfurther include inferred coupling to one or more other items. As maystill further be used herein, the term “associated with”, includesdirect and/or indirect coupling of separate items and/or one item beingembedded within another item.

Unless specifically stated to the contra, signals to, from, and/orbetween elements in a figure of any of the figures presented herein maybe analog or digital, continuous time or discrete time, and single-endedor differential. For instance, if a signal path is shown as asingle-ended path, it also represents a differential signal path.Similarly, if a signal path is shown as a differential path, it alsorepresents a single-ended signal path. While one or more particulararchitectures are described herein, other architectures can likewise beimplemented that use one or more data buses not expressly shown, directconnectivity between elements, and/or indirect coupling between otherelements as recognized by one of average skill in the art.

The term “module” is used in the description of one or more of theembodiments. A module includes a processing module, a functional block,hardware, and/or software stored on memory for performing one or morefunctions as may be described herein. Note that, if the module isimplemented via hardware, the hardware may operate independently and/orin conjunction with software and/or firmware. As also used herein, amodule may contain one or more sub-modules, each of which may be one ormore modules.

While particular combinations of various functions and features of theone or more embodiments have been expressly described herein, othercombinations of these features and functions are likewise possible. Thepresent disclosure of an invention is not limited by the particularexamples disclosed herein and expressly incorporates these othercombinations.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wireless communication device comprising: acommunication interface; and processing circuitry that is coupled to thecommunication interface and configured to: generate and transmit, viathe communication interface, a suspend transmission frame to anotherwireless communication device to direct the another wirelesscommunication device to suspend transmission to the wirelesscommunication device for a predetermined period of time specified withinthe suspend transmission frame; and generate and transmit, via thecommunication interface, a resume transmission frame to the anotherwireless communication device to direct the another wirelesscommunication device to resume transmission to the wirelesscommunication device before expiration of the predetermined period oftime specified within the suspend transmission frame.
 2. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry isfurther configured to: receive, via the communication interface, firstone or more frames from the another wireless communication device beforetransmission of the suspend transmission frame to the another wirelesscommunication device; and receive, via the communication interface,second one or more frames from another wireless communication deviceafter transmission of the resume transmission frame to the anotherwireless communication device.
 3. The wireless communication device ofclaim 1 further comprising: a memory configured to buffer one or moreframes received from the another wireless communication device; and theprocessing circuitry configured to: monitor storage status of thememory; and generate the suspend transmission frame when the storagestatus of the memory indicates an actual or anticipated storage overflowof the memory.
 4. The wireless communication device of claim 1 furthercomprising: a memory configured to buffer one or more frames receivedfrom the another wireless communication device; and the processingcircuitry configured to: monitor storage status of the memory; andgenerate the resume transmission frame when the storage status of thememory indicates an acceptable amount of memory is available to bufferan additional one or more frames received from the another wirelesscommunication device.
 5. The wireless communication device of claim 1,wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to: receive, viathe communication interface, one or more frames from the anotherwireless communication device; generate and transmit, via thecommunication interface, the suspend transmission frame to the anotherwireless communication device to direct the another wirelesscommunication device to suspend transmission to the wirelesscommunication device; generate and transmit, via the communicationinterface, the resume transmission frame to the another wirelesscommunication device to direct the another wireless communication deviceto resume transmission to the wireless communication device; andtransmit, via the communication interface, the one or more frames to atleast one other wireless communication device, wherein the wirelesscommunication device includes a relay wireless communication device, theanother wireless communication device includes a source wirelesscommunication device, and the at least one other wireless communicationdevice includes a destination wireless communication device.
 6. Thewireless communication device of claim 1 further comprising: a wirelessstation (STA), wherein the another wireless communication deviceincludes an access point (AP), another STA, or a smart meter station(SMSTA).
 7. The wireless communication device of claim 1 furthercomprising: an access point (AP), wherein the another wirelesscommunication device includes another AP, a wireless station (STA), or asmart meter station (SMSTA).
 8. A wireless communication devicecomprising: a communication interface; and processing circuitry that iscoupled to the communication interface and configured to: generate andtransmit, via the communication interface, a suspend transmission frameto another wireless communication device to direct the another wirelesscommunication device to suspend transmission to the wirelesscommunication device for a predetermined period of time specified withinthe suspend transmission frame; and generate and transmit, via thecommunication interface, a resume transmission frame to the anotherwireless communication device to direct the another wirelesscommunication device to resume transmission to the wirelesscommunication device.
 9. The wireless communication device of claim 8further comprising: a memory configured to buffer one or more framesreceived from the another wireless communication device; and theprocessing circuitry configured to: monitor storage status of thememory; generate the suspend transmission frame when the storage statusof the memory indicates an actual or anticipated storage overflow of thememory; and generate the resume transmission frame when the storagestatus of the memory indicates an acceptable amount of memory isavailable to buffer an additional one or more frames received from theanother wireless communication device.
 10. The wireless communicationdevice of claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to: receive, via the communication interface, first one ormore frames from the another wireless communication device beforetransmission of the suspend transmission frame to the another wirelesscommunication device; generate and transmit, via the communicationinterface, the resume transmission frame to the another wirelesscommunication device to direct the another wireless communication deviceto resume transmission to the wireless communication device beforeexpiration of the predetermined period of time specified within thesuspend transmission frame; and receive, via the communicationinterface, second one or more frames from another wireless communicationdevice after transmission of the resume transmission frame to theanother wireless communication device.
 11. The wireless communicationdevice of claim 8, wherein the processing circuitry is furtherconfigured to: receive, via the communication interface, one or moreframes from the another wireless communication device; generate andtransmit, via the communication interface, the suspend transmissionframe to the another wireless communication device to direct the anotherwireless communication device to suspend transmission to the wirelesscommunication device; generate and transmit, via the communicationinterface, the resume transmission frame to the another wirelesscommunication device to direct the another wireless communication deviceto resume transmission to the wireless communication device; andtransmit the one or more frames to at least one other wirelesscommunication device, wherein the wireless communication device includesa relay wireless communication device, the another wirelesscommunication device includes a source wireless communication device,and the at least one other wireless communication device includes adestination wireless communication device.
 12. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 8 further comprising: a wireless station(STA), wherein the another wireless communication device includes anaccess point (AP), another STA, or a smart meter station (SMSTA). 13.The wireless communication device of claim 8 further comprising: anaccess point (AP), wherein the another wireless communication deviceincludes another AP, a wireless station (STA), or a smart meter station(SMSTA).
 14. A method for execution by a wireless communication device,the method comprising: generating and transmitting, via a communicationinterface of the wireless communication device, a suspend transmissionframe to another wireless communication device to direct the anotherwireless communication device to suspend transmission to the wirelesscommunication device for a predetermined period of time specified withinthe suspend transmission frame; and generating and transmitting, via thecommunication interface of the wireless communication device, a resumetransmission frame to the another wireless communication device todirect the another wireless communication device to resume transmissionto the wireless communication device.
 15. The method of claim 14 furthercomprising: receiving first one or more frames from the another wirelesscommunication device before transmission of the suspend transmissionframe to the another wireless communication device; and receiving secondone or more frames from another wireless communication device aftertransmission of the resume transmission frame to the another wirelesscommunication device.
 16. The method of claim 14 further comprising:buffering one or more frames received from the another wirelesscommunication device within a memory of the wireless communicationdevice; monitoring storage status of the memory; and generating thesuspend transmission frame when the storage status of the memoryindicates an actual or anticipated storage overflow of the memory. 17.The method of claim 14 further comprising: buffering one or more framesreceived from the another wireless communication device within a memoryof the wireless communication device; monitoring storage status of thememory; and generating the resume transmission frame when the storagestatus of the memory indicates an acceptable amount of memory isavailable to buffer an additional one or more frames received from theanother wireless communication device.
 18. The method of claim 14further comprising: receiving one or more frames from the anotherwireless communication device; generating and transmitting the suspendtransmission frame to the another wireless communication device todirect the another wireless communication device to suspend transmissionto the wireless communication device; generating and transmitting theresume transmission frame to the another wireless communication deviceto direct the another wireless communication device to resumetransmission to the wireless communication device; and transmitting theone or more frames to at least one other wireless communication device,wherein the wireless communication device includes a relay wirelesscommunication device, the another wireless communication device includesa source wireless communication device, and the at least one otherwireless communication device includes a destination wirelesscommunication device.
 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the wirelesscommunication device includes a wireless station (STA), and the anotherwireless communication device includes an access point (AP), anotherSTA, or a smart meter station (SMSTA).
 20. The method of claim 14,wherein the wireless communication device includes an access point (AP),and the another wireless communication device includes another AP, awireless station (STA), or a smart meter station (SMSTA).